By Noelani Kirschner

“In order to look to the future, it is often necessary to get a clear picture of the past,” Martin Luther King Jr. said in 1957. “In order to know where we are going, it is often necessary to see from whence we have come.”

Among the ways the United States grapples with the racial injustice in its history are museums and public monuments.

Here are five racial-justice museums in the United States.

Legacy Museum and National Memorial for Peace and Justice

The National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, stands close to the site of a former enslavers market. (© Equal Justice Initiative∕Human Pictures)

The Legacy Museum and National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, investigates and brings to life America’s history of racial injustice and its legacy. The museum and memorial are close to a former slave auction site and the grounds pay tribute to the memory of enslaved persons. The museum also educates visitors about the history of the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, in which efforts to secure the rights of freed people ultimately failed, and the subsequent Jim Crow era, which introduced legally enforced racial segregation that was only overturned by the modern civil rights movement.

DuSable Museum of African American History

The Martin Luther King Jr. exhibit at the DuSable Museum in Chicago. (© DuSable Museum of African American History)

The DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago — named after the Haitian founder of the city — was the first independent museum dedicated to Black culture in the United States. Opened in 1961 by activist Margaret Taylor Burroughs, the museum holds more than 15,000 paintings, sculptures, prints and historical artifacts pertaining to Black Americans’ history, including the desk of Ida B. Wells and works by W.E.B. Dubois. It inspired the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, which opened in 2016.

National Underground Railroad Freedom Center

National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati. (© National Underground Railroad Freedom Center)

The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati not only informs visitors about the U.S. history of slavery and the Underground Railroad — the network of routes and safe houses that led enslaved people to freedom in the north — but about human trafficking around the world today. It has one of the nation’s last remaining intact holding pens for enslaved people. As an exhibit, it illustrates for today’s Americans the cruelty of slavery.

National Civil Rights Museum

An exhibition at the National Civil Rights Museum about the March on Washington. On August 28, 1963, 250,000 people from many races, religions and backgrounds marched together in orderly protest. (Courtesy of the National Civil Rights Museum)

On the site of Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Tennessee, has more than 260 objects in its collection, including Coretta Scott King’s correspondence, a replica of the Freedom Riders bus and 40 filmed oral histories. The museum re-creates the civil rights era for visitors and leads them through key moments of King’s life and lasting legacy.

African Meeting House

Exterior of the African Meeting House in Boston. (NPS)

The African Meeting House in Boston is considered the oldest existing Black church in the country. Built in 1806, the building was a meeting place for Black abolitionists during the early 19th century. Maintained today by the National Park Service, it educates the public about Black history in New England, the northern abolitionist movement, and the meeting house’s role in the Underground Railroad.

Banner image: The Lorraine Motel, once a refuge for Black travelers, is now home to the National Civil Rights Museum. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated there in 1968. (Courtesy of the National Civil Rights Museum)